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    In memory of Xie Lao: he is a true "scholar" who combines knowledge and action

    On May 2, Mr. Xie Chensheng (1922-2022), known as "a living history of Chinese cultural relics protection", passed away at the age of 100. As early as the 1950s, under the leadership of Zheng Zhenduo, he participated in and witnessed the rescue and return of national treasure-level cultural relics such as "Mid-Autumn Post", "Boyuan Post" and "Xiaoxiang Map". Xie Chensheng is the main author of the Interim Regulations of the State Council on the Protection and Administration of Cultural Relics (1961) and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics (1982).
    The author of this article, Yao Yuan, undertook the task of arranging and writing the book "Xie Chensheng's Oral: Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of the Cultural Relics Cause in New China" (published by Sanlian Publishing in 2018). "The Paper: Ancient Art" published an article by Yao Yuanxin in memory of Mr. Xie. "Xie Chensheng's Oral Statement: A Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of New China's Cultural Relics Industry" (published by Sanlian Publishing in 2018)

    "Xie Chensheng's Oral Statement: A Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of New China's Cultural Relics Industry" (published by Sanlian Publishing House in 2018)

    On May 2, Mr. Xie Chensheng (1922-2022), who had devoted his life to the protection of cultural relics in China, rode a crane to the west and died at the age of 100.
    Thank you, elder, I'm almost a Jiazi. Nearly 20 years ago, I met Lao Xie when I was studying at Peking University. He has retired from the leadership position of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for many years and is still running for the protection of the last old Beijing. But the deep friendship with Xie Lao began in 2006. That summer, the old city of Nanjing on the banks of the Qinhuai River was facing large-scale demolition. I drafted an appeal letter for protection and sent it to more than 300 cultural relics protection experts, members of the CPPCC, deputies to the National People’s Congress, etc., hoping that they would come forward. At 8:00 am the next day after the letter was sent, I just turned on my mobile phone and received the first reply call. The other party said: "I am Xie Chensheng, and I firmly support your appeal!" Xie Lao personally revised the appeal letter, and under his inspiration, he got Hou Renzhi, Zheng Xiaoxie, Su Bai, Xu Pingfang, Luo Zhewen, Chen Zhihua , Shu Yi, Ye Tingfang and other 16 famous experts and scholars signed the response. Since then, Mr. Xie has written to the leaders of the State Council for the ancient city of Nanjing three times, accelerated the process of national historical and cultural city protection legislation, prompted Nanjing to revise the "Historical and Cultural City Protection Plan", issued the "Nanjing City Historical and Cultural City Protection Regulations", and completely rewrote the ancient city of Jinling fate.
    Since then, thanks to the trust and entrustment of Mr. Xie, I have undertaken the task of compiling and writing his oral memories. In 2018, I published "Xie Chensheng Oral: Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of the Cultural Relics Industry in New China" (Sanlian Publishing House). Years of interviewing, organizing, and writing have given me more opportunities to understand Xie Lao's life and thoughts from a distance. Xie Lao's old residence in Anzhenli, everything is unpretentious, the cement floor, mottled walls, the spring of the old sofa has long lost its elasticity. On the wall hangs the pennant sent by Comrade Zeng Yizhi on behalf of the volunteers for cultural protection across the country when Xie Lao Mi Shou was on, and wrote "I only do one thing in my life, and protect the ancient city with blood and heart." Under an old lamp from the 1980s is a desk with a glass top. It was on this ordinary desk that Mr. Xie devoted himself to the protection of Chinese culture, writing in small letters, and speaking bluntly, rewriting the fate of the ancient cities. Tan food and ladle to drink, do not change their ambitions, but this. Later, whenever I think of the scenes of An Zhenli Xie's old residence, I can't help but reverence, and I can't help but burst into tears. At that time, Mr. Xie was in his 90s, but his thoughts were very clear, his memories were very organized, and the time and characters were quite accurate, which amazed me. What is particularly valuable is that when he recalls historical figures and events, he never wastes things or talks because of others, and adheres to an objective attitude of seeking truth from facts. Listening to him tell about the major decision-making process of cultural relics protection that he has personally experienced in the past 70 years, I know that this is not only writing an oral history of Xie Lao himself, but also recording his relationship with Zheng Zhenduo, Wang Yeqiu, Ren Zhibin, Xia Nai, Liang Sicheng, Xie Zhiliu, The history of Zheng Xiaoxie, Xu Pingfang, Luo Zhewen, Zhang Zhongpei, Shen Zhu, Song Muwen, Chen Zhihua, Shu Yi, Ye Tingfang and others jointly protecting the national cultural heritage has left a unique legacy for contemporary Chinese history, the history of the Communist Party of China and the history of the Republic. important historical material.
    Xie Lao is a witness and party to many major decisions in the cultural relics cause of New China, and is also a major contributor to the protection and inheritance of Chinese culture. He practiced the correct concept of "protection comes first" and "without protection, no research" advocated by Mr. Zheng Zhenduo throughout his life, always put protection first, took social benefits as the highest criterion, and defended "protection first, rescue first 1. The 16-character policy of rational utilization and strengthening of management has made outstanding contributions to the cause of Chinese cultural relics.
    He is the pioneer of Chinese cultural relics. In 1946, he served as the business secretary of Zheng Zhenduo in Shanghai. In September 1949, he accompanied Zheng Zhenduo to Beijing to participate in the preparation for the establishment of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture. , Consultant of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. He has made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the national legal system for cultural relics, and has written and drafted important regulations such as the Interim Regulations of the State Council on the Protection and Administration of Cultural Relics (1961) and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics (1982). He also played a key role in establishing and improving the national cultural relic administration system. In 1975, after Mr. Xie's appeal, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage became a bureau directly under the State Council. In 1982, the State Council was reformed and changed to the Cultural Relics Administration of the Ministry of Culture. Thanks to Mr.'s efforts, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage was restored in 1987, and it was renamed the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 1988, and the name continues to this day. Xie Lao edited the "Encyclopedia of China: Cultural Relics Volume" and wrote the "Foreword", making a comprehensive summary of the new China's cultural relics business from practice to theory, from creation to maturity, and for the first time clearly put forward the definition of cultural relics. Mr. Qigong called it "a summary of thousands of years up and down and tens of thousands of miles across".
    He is the founder of the legal system of Chinese cultural relics. At the beginning of the establishment of the Cultural Relics Bureau in 1949, Mr. Zheng Zhenduo ordered the drafting of the first batch of cultural relics protection laws in New China, "The Central People's Government Administrative Council's Interim Measures for Prohibiting the Export of Precious Cultural Relics and Books", preventing the massive outflow of precious cultural relics. In 1956, Mr. Wang drafted and signed by the then Vice Premier Xi Zhongxun of the State Council's Notice on the Protection of Cultural Relics in Agricultural Production and Construction. For the first time, he proposed two important basic measures to conduct a national census of cultural relics and establish cultural relics protection units. In 1967, regardless of his personal safety, he wrote to the Central "Cultural Revolution" group calling for the protection of cultural relics, and wrote and drafted "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics and Books in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution", which has played a role in the protection of cultural relics under specific historical conditions. irreplaceable role. At the beginning of reform and opening up, during the drafting process of the State Council's Circular on Further Strengthening Cultural Relics Work in 1987, he adhered to the correct principle of "strengthening the protection of cultural relics is the foundation of cultural relics work and the premise to play the role of cultural relics". Entering the new century, he participated in the drafting of the 2005 Notice of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage, which promoted the birth of China's "Cultural Heritage Day". Xie Chensheng in the Three Gorges in 2012

    Xie Chensheng in the Three Gorges in 2012

    He is the protector of Chinese cultural heritage. As early as the 1950s, Mr. Wang personally drafted a report submitted by the Ministry of Culture to the State Council to recommend the protection of the Beijing City Wall and Xi'an City Wall, which was supported by Xi Zhongxun. In 1968, due to the construction of the Beijing subway to demolish the ancient observatory, he and Luo Zhewen and others wrote to appeal, and Zhou Enlai gave instructions for protection. In the 1990s, he initiated the joint proposal of the CPPCC to protect the cultural relics of the Three Gorges, which accelerated the approval and implementation of the Three Gorges cultural relics protection plan. Since the beginning of the new century, in the face of the wave of real estate development, at the critical stage of China's urbanization, at the historical juncture of the preservation and abandonment of the ancient city, he fought against the "bulldozer" and protected Beijing, Nanjing, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Harbin, There are countless cultural relics and historical blocks in Dinghai, Changzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang and other places. Xie Lao loves Beijing very much, and thinks it is "the treasure of the country, the national treasure, and the treasure of all mankind". Protect the quadrangle courtyards such as No. 22 Back Street of Beijing Art Museum, Yuedong New Hall, Cao Xueqin's Former Residence at Suanshikou, Yu Qianci Temple, No. During the battle of defending the ancient city in the hutongs of Xianyukou, Xuannan, and Bell and Drum Towers, Mr. Zhang spoke bluntly, or jointly signed a letter with experts, or joined the media to speak out with justice, taking the lead and fighting resolutely. Because of his perseverance, the "Beijing Urban Master Plan" in 2005 determined the important principle of "overall protection", and in 2008, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages", which finally reversed the direction of the protection of historical and cultural cities.
    "I only do one thing in my life, protect the ancient city with blood and heart." More than 70 years later, "Xiao Xie", who followed Mr. Zheng Zhenduo as his assistant, became "Old Xie" unknowingly. But he has never changed his original intention. At the juncture of life and death of cultural relics, with amazing courage, responsibility and sense of historical mission, he showed the feelings of a real Communist, and also reflected the "scholars" who made our nation live and have a long history. "spirit.
    Mr. Xie, with his extensive knowledge of morality, cultivated the class system, and contributed his whole life to the theory and system of cultural relics protection. In the face of the "Left" trend of thought in the 1960s, Xie Lao opposed the use of "thick the modern and thin the ancient" to cover the work of cultural relics, and believed that "simply think that more revolutionary cultural relics should be protected and less ancient cultural relics should be protected, depending on the value of the cultural relics. It should not be guaranteed, and we cannot decide to protect more and protect less according to the past and present.” He insisted on this correct view, and in 1967 when he wrote the proposal and the central document for the protection of cultural relics, he tried his best to protect the precious ancient cultural relics. Facing the marketization trend of cultural relics in the 1980s, Xie Lao resolutely resisted the fallacy of "relict raising cultural relics". When drafting the 1987 State Council document, he proposed, "Adhere to the premise of ensuring the safety of cultural relics, take social benefits as the highest standard, and oppose everything. Look at money and prevent the wrong tendency to use cultural relics as a simple means of profit." Facing the new stage of urbanization, he resolutely criticized the popular "relic value economy, cultural relic work industrialization, cultural relic management marketization, cultural relic property rights internationalization". In 2005, the State Council issued a document to focus on solving the outstanding problem of "legal persons breaking the law, failing to comply with the law, and not prosecuting the law". As Mr. Jin Chongji said in the preface to "Xie Chensheng's Oral: Chronicle of Major Decision-making in New China's Cultural Relics Industry", "His rich experience and profound insights are an important asset for our country's cultural relics work. This is not an exaggeration. words." In 2018, the author of this article (left) visited Mr. Xie with the newly published "Xie Chensheng's Oral: A Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of the Cultural Relics in New China"

    In 2018, the author of this article (left) visited Mr. Xie with the newly published "Xie Chensheng's Oral: A Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of the Cultural Relics in New China"

    Xie Lao is unswerving, unbiased, selfless and fearless to protect the cultural relics of the motherland, and sacrificed his life to ask for his life. The protection of cultural relics has never been a romantic affair that some people think is full of romantic feelings. "The destruction in the first 30 years can be said to be mainly due to problems of understanding, but today, it is mainly a matter of interests." Mr. Xie knows very well that in the historic district of the ancient city, where the roaring bulldozers are intertwined with real estate development Various interests, including illegitimate chains of interests. Some scholars have pointed out that "the huge profits from demolishing ancient buildings and building new ones have made many people red-eyed, to the extent that they have been killed by demons and Buddhas." In his letter calling for the protection of Beijing City, Mr. Zhang admitted frankly, "The above opinions will definitely touch the interests of some people and cause their dissatisfaction. Many of these people have their own backgrounds and are likely to retaliate against me." But he did not say anything. Withdrew, writing straight and straight, "In the future, as long as I have three inches of air, I will continue to work hard to protect the cultural heritage of the motherland, and make unremitting struggles against all kinds of bad phenomena that endanger our party's cause, and I will do my best and die. "Strong and strong, strong and powerful! He issued the oath of "I am willing to sacrifice myself to the city", and wrote in a letter to the leaders of Beijing, "I will pay any price, and I am ready to sacrifice myself to the city. I'm afraid! Therefore, I will take the liberty of making a statement and make a public opinion. If it is considered, the nation will be very lucky, the country will be very lucky, and the famous city will be very lucky!" The nation is fortunate, the country is fortunate, and the famous city is fortunate. Many times, he has received cordial approvals from high-level officials or written replies, and many historical relics have been preserved due to Mr. Xie Lao wrote a song "Seven Laws" when he was 85 years old, "What do you want to be an old man now? Dare to meet up to maintain the principle", "Haomu is worried about the society and the crops, stick to the faith to live through the spring and autumn" , it can be said to be frank and dignified. ! "Seven Laws" written by Mr. Xie Chensheng at the age of 85

    "Seven Laws" written by Mr. Xie Chensheng at the age of 85

    Xie Lao's life is a hundred years in which the texts carry the Tao, the texts are transformed, and continue the Chinese culture; it is a hundred years of sincerity, integrity, and protection of the national spirit. The ancient posthumous law has a cloud, "morality is well-known, it is called Wen, and the class system is called Wen." ". Xie Lao is a true "scholar" who combines knowledge and action. His letter seals continue the spiritual blood of the sages of all dynasties : "establishing the heart for the world, establishing the life for the people, continuing the unique learning for the past, and creating peace for all generations" . Xie Lao told me many times in his oral speech that we must insist on protection first and social benefit first. He cares about the protection of the ancient city, and he has repeatedly said that no major demolition or construction can be done, and the real and fake ones cannot be demolished. In particular, he hopes that the old city of Beijing will not be demolished again. Today, Mr. Xie's lifelong wish has received a resounding response in the new era. The protection of historical and cultural heritage has received unprecedented attention from the central government. The protection and inheritance of Chinese culture is becoming an unchallenged national will. In the past ten years, the cultural relic protection has been subordinated to economic development, and it has moved to the equal importance of protection and development, developing in protection and protection in development; from the tragic situation of the demolition of historical and cultural cities, to the overall protection and comprehensive Protection; from the passive situation of archaeological work being forced to give way to land development, to the realization of archaeological pre-position by the system design of "archaeology first, then transfer"; from the extremely low cost of legal discipline for destroying cultural relics, to strict law enforcement and discipline, cultural relics Protection and accountability for life, and crack down on cultural relic crimes. In 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a reply to the "Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016-2035)", which clearly stated that "the old city cannot be demolished again". Xie Lao's wish for many years has finally become a reality!
    "Leaving the historic sites in the mountains and rivers, my generation will come back again." Xie Lao's collections, books, and oral narratives truly inherit his thoughts. Xie Lao will always be with us, and his spirit will guide us to move forward. Today, following the path of Xie Lao, inheriting culture, guarding civilization, and protecting national cultural heritage is the best commemoration for Xie Lao.
    I only do one thing in my life, and I will live on forever with the Chinese name.
    Passionate about protecting the ancient city, leaving a legacy for thousands of miles of history
    The cause of Chinese cultural protection and inheritance that Mr. has worked hard for all his life will surely be passed on from generation to generation!
    May 9, 2022
    (The author of this article works at Nanjing University, and is the author of "Xie Chensheng's Oral: Chronicle of Major Decision-Making of New China's Cultural Relics Industry")

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